Plant Description:

  1. Varies in size from large trees to shrubs.
  2. Large variation in leaf shape and size.
  3. All oaks produce acorns - the typical identifier of oaks
  4. Acorns and new shoots are most toxic.

Toxic Principle:

  1. Tannins or their break down products
  2. Major effects on the gut and kidney.

Disease:

  1. Most common in cattle; some sheep and goats & horses.
  2. Animals usually eat acorns or shoots for 3-10 days.

a) cattle lose appetite; act depressed or weak

b) early, there is constipation followed later by dark tarry diarrhea

c) swelling may occur on underside of the body

Treatment:

  1. Give fluids to rehydrate and flush the kidneys.
  2. Administer laxatives to help move acorns through GI tract
  3. Consider removing acorns from rumen in selected cases
  4. Re-establish rumen motility.