Transverse
Radiograph Localizer
1-
Cranial L6
2- Middle L6
3- Caudal L6
4-
L6-7 Disc
5- Caudal L7
6- L7-S1
Sagittal
Radiograph Localizer
1-
R Sacroiliac Joint
2- R IV Foramina
3- R Lateral Recess
4- Central Canal Discs
5- L IV Foramina
6- L Sacroiliac Joint
Dorsal
Radiograph Localizer
1-
Articular Process Joints
2- Lamina
3- Mid Canal
4- Discs: Nucleus Pulposus
4. Intervertebral foramen: paired, "horse-head" shaped openings between adjacent vertebrae that form the passageway through which the nerve roots exit the vertebral canal. Boundaries consist of the articular processes dorsally, pedicles cranially and caudally, and the vertebral endplates/disc ventrally. In dogs with degenerative lumbosacral disease, nerve roots and their associated blood vessels can become compressed or entrapped within the intervertebral foramina. <Back