RADIOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER URINARY TRACT

 

Kidney

Nephrogram
Pyelogram
Bowel lumen opacification, alternate route of excretion
Normal kidney location
Normal renal pelvis
Absent kidney
Renal infarct
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Lymphosarcoma
Hydronephrosis
Perirenal pseudocyst
Large solitary renal cyst
Neoplasia
Polycystic renal disease
Renal hypoplasia
Acute pyelonephritis
Obstruction
Radiopaque calculi
Superimposed gas-filled bowel loop
Nonfunctional kidney

Ureters

Ureteral calculi
False positive ureteral calculi
Diffuse enlargement of ureter
Normal peristalsis
Ectopic ureter
Avulsion
Vesicoureteral reflux

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